11 Interesting Facts About The Gulf of Suez

The Formation of the Gulf of Suez

The Gulf of Suez was formed approximately 26 million years ago within the Gulf of Suez Rift Basin. This geological marvel was shaped by plate tectonics and seafloor spreading. The region surrounding the gulf was once part of the African Plate, adjacent to the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. As these plates began to pull apart, a process known as rifting, magma welled up and formed a new oceanic crust, eventually giving rise to the Red Sea. The Gulf of Suez, an extension of the Red Sea, gradually took shape as the land on both sides of the gulf moved away from each other. Over time, sediments from land and water accumulated in the gulf, shaping its topography and creating a conducive environment for marine life.

Ancient Origins: The Canal of the Pharaohs

The Gulf of Suez has a long history dating back to ancient Egypt. Referred to as the “Canal of the Pharaohs,” it is believed that a canal connecting the Red Sea and the Nile River existed as early as 1850 B.C. during the reign of Pharaoh Senusret III. Various historical sources mention the involvement of Pharaoh Necho II and the Persian conqueror Darius in the construction of a similar waterway. The Canal of the Pharaohs, although not directly linked to the modern Suez Canal, laid the foundation for the concept of connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea through a navigable route.

The Construction of the Suez Canal

It took ten years to build the present Suez Canal, an engineering marvel, and it was formally inaugurated on November 19, 1869. The idea of building a canal across the Isthmus of Suez was contemplated by several individuals, including Napoleon Bonaparte. However, it was Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French former diplomat, who successfully negotiated an agreement with the Egyptian viceroy to form the Suez Canal Company in 1854. The project faced opposition from the British government, which saw it as a threat to their dominance in global shipping. Despite the challenges, the construction of the Suez Canal was a significant achievement that revolutionized international trade and maritime transportation.

The Importance of the Suez Canal in Global Trade

The Suez Canal serves as a vital maritime link, providing a direct shipping route between Europe and Asia. Prior to its construction, ships had to navigate a long and treacherous journey around the southern tip of Africa, known as the Cape of Good Hope. With the completion of the Suez Canal, vessels traveling between Europe and Asia could take a shorter and more efficient route. This man-made waterway, measuring 120 miles in length, connects the North Atlantic directly to the Indian Ocean. The Suez Canal has greatly reduced transportation costs and transit times, making it an essential conduit for global trade.

Environmental Challenges: Coral Reefs in the Gulf of Suez

While the Gulf of Suez may not be known for its extensive coral reefs compared to other regions of the Red Sea, it is not devoid of these magnificent underwater formations. The gulf is home to approximately 35 coral species, out of the 335 species found in the Red Sea. The Zaki Reef, a shallow fringing reef located in the Gulf of Suez, faces environmental challenges such as pollution from coastal development, fishing activities, and shipping operations. The reef has suffered damage from anchor use by fishermen and the risk of oil spills from nearby tanker operations. Efforts are being made to protect and preserve the fragile coral ecosystems in the Gulf of Suez.

Ports and Harbors Along the Gulf of Suez

The Gulf of Suez is dotted with several ports and harbors that play a crucial role in trade and commerce. Ain Sokhna, situated on the western shores of the gulf, is a rapidly growing port city and one of Egypt’s major commercial ports. It primarily handles crude oil and has facilities to accommodate large ships. The port of Suez, located at the southern part of the Suez Canal, serves as a sheltered anchorage area and is equipped with berths for general cargo and passenger ships. Other important ports in the Gulf of Suez include Adabiya, which handles bulk goods, and Ras Gharib, known for its oil and gas activities.

The Gulf of Suez: A Hub for Oil and Gas Reserves

The Gulf of Suez region is rich in oil and gas reserves, making it an important area for exploration and production. The Gemsa Oil and Gas Field, discovered in 1869, was the first oil field found in the gulf. Since then, numerous other oil and gas fields have been identified, including the Hurghada Oil Field, Belayim Oil Field, El Morgan Oil Field, and October Field. These fields contribute significantly to Egypt’s energy production and have played a crucial role in the country’s economy. The Gulf of Suez continues to attract attention from oil and gas companies, with ongoing exploration activities in the area.

The Impact of the Suez Canal Crisis

The Suez Canal has experienced several notable events throughout its history, including a significant crisis in 2021. In March of that year, the container ship Ever Given became lodged across the canal, blocking the passage of over 300 ships and disrupting global trade. The blockage lasted for six days, causing substantial economic losses. This incident highlighted the importance of the Suez Canal as a critical artery for international shipping and the potential implications of disruptions in its operations.

The Economic Significance of the Suez Canal

The Suez Canal plays a crucial role in Egypt’s economy, generating substantial revenue through tolls and transit fees. Impressively, Egypt’s canal operations brought in $1.69 billion in the first quarter of 2022, more than double the amount reported in the same period the previous year. The canal’s economic prospects remain promising, with a target revenue of $7 billion by the end of 2022. The Suez Canal Authority continues to invest in infrastructure improvements and expansion projects to enhance the efficiency and capacity of the canal, ensuring its continued economic importance.

Prominent Shipwreck Sites in the Gulf of Suez

The Gulf of Suez is home to several shipwreck sites that attract divers and maritime enthusiasts from around the world. One notable wreck is the SS Carnatic, a British steamship that sank in 1869. The wreckage is now an underwater archaeological site, offering a glimpse into maritime history. Another famous wreck is the SS Thistlegorm, a British merchant navy ship sunk during World War II. It is considered one of the best-preserved shipwrecks in the world and provides a unique diving experience. Exploring these shipwrecks allows divers to witness the remnants of the past and appreciate the Gulf of Suez’s maritime heritage.

The Gulf of Suez: A Fishing Haven

The Gulf of Suez is not only important for trade and energy production but also serves as an important fishing area. The gulf’s diverse marine environment supports a wide range of fish species, making it a haven for commercial and recreational fishing. Local fishermen rely on the gulf’s resources for their livelihoods, and the area is known for its abundant catches. The Gulf of Suez offers fishing enthusiasts an opportunity to experience the thrill of angling in a beautiful and productive marine ecosystem.

The Gulf of Suez is a captivating maritime zone that holds immense geological, historical, and economic significance. From its formation millions of years ago to the construction of the Suez Canal and the presence of oil and gas reserves, the gulf has played a pivotal role in shaping Egypt’s destiny and global trade. Its coral reefs, shipwreck sites, and fishing grounds further contribute to its allure. As the Suez Canal continues to facilitate international commerce and generate substantial revenue for Egypt, the Gulf of Suez remains a testament to the ingenuity and perseverance of humanity. Exploring the wonders of this remarkable body of water is an opportunity to witness the harmonious coexistence of natural and man-made marvels.