The maritime sector of India has embarked on an exceptional journey, showcasing remarkable advancements and unwavering commitment to bolstering the nation’s trade prowess. From expanding port capacities to leveraging cutting-edge technologies, the industry’s growth trajectory is extraordinary. At the forefront of this remarkable progress are the 12 Major Ports Of India under the aegis of the Union government, which collectively handled an impressive 819.227 million tones (mt) of cargo during the fiscal year 2024 (FY24). This staggering figure represents a 4.45 per cent increase from the previous year’s 784.305 mt, underscoring the industry’s resilience and adaptability in dynamic global trade dynamics.
Fiscal Year 2024: A Remarkable Milestone
The fiscal year 2024 has been a testament to the unwavering efforts and strategic initiatives undertaken by the Indian maritime sector. The Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways said the 12 major ports handled 12.310 million Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEUs), up 8.06 per cent from 11.392 million last year. Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA) emerged as the undisputed leader, handling a staggering 6.43 million TEUs, accounting for over half of the total container volume.
Commodity Surge: Fueling Economic Growth
Commodity shipments increased dramatically in FY24, showing strong demand and growing commerce across sectors.
- Iron Ore and Pellets: Iron ore and pellet shipments rose 32.68 percent to 61.031 mt, demonstrating the steel and construction industries’ success.
- Raw Fertilizers: Raw fertiliser transport rose 13.56 percent to 9.406 mt, demonstrating the nation’s dedication to agricultural output.
- Coking Coal and Other Coal: Coking and other coal shipments rose 10.24% to 64.939 mt, benefiting energy and industrial sectors.
Petroleum and Lubricants: Powering the Nation
In FY24, petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) freight shipments rose 5.06 percent to 245.990 mt from 234.137 mt. This increase highlights the nation’s rising energy needs and the maritime sector’s vital role in fuel delivery.
Paradip Port Authority: Leading the Charge
Among the 12 major ports, Paradip Port Authority emerged as the frontrunner, handling an impressive 145.379 mt of cargo in FY24, a commendable 7.40 per cent increase from the previous year’s 135.362 mt. This amazing performance highlights the port’s strategic location, efficient operations, and continuous commitment to frictionless trade.
Driving Forces Behind the Industry’s Growth
Infrastructural improvements, technical advances, governmental reforms, and effective public-private collaborations have driven maritime industry expansion.
Infrastructural Advancements: 12 Major Ports of India
India’s unwavering commitment to enhancing its maritime infrastructure has propelled the industry’s growth. Developing specialized terminals, such as the International Container Transhipment Terminal (ICTT) in Cochin and the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminal in Dahej Port, has optimized resource utilization and streamlined operations, fostering efficiency and competitiveness.
Moreover, the Sagarmala project, the Indian government’s flagship initiative, aims to catalyze port-led development until 2035. This ambitious endeavour focuses on streamlining cargo handling and transportation, paving the way for cost-effective logistics solutions. Coastal states have integrated ports with hinterland transport networks thanks to 55 rail and 15 road initiatives.
Technological Advancements: Maritime Sector
The maritime sector has embraced cutting-edge technologies to enhance operational efficiency and security. At ports like the Kolkata Dock System (KDS), RFID-based Port Access Control Systems (PACS) have transformed access control and optimized operations.
Furthermore, installing Automatic Identification System (AIS) base stations and Very High Frequency (VHF) radios has bolstered port efficiency and safety. The ‘Port Community System’ (PCS), Direct Port Delivery, and Direct Port Entry have simplified data flow and operational procedures, making port business easier.
Policy Reforms and Initiatives: 12 Major Ports of India
The Indian government has made policy changes to boost the maritime industry. The Project UNNATI initiative, launched by the government, aims to enhance operations at critical ports. The National Logistics Portal (Marine) connects logistics stakeholders, promotes transparency, and reduces costs and delays through seamless IT integration.
The government has also given non-major ports pricing liberty to negotiate rates with State Maritime Boards. This move has fostered a competitive environment and encouraged private sector participation in the industry.
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): India’s maritime
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have increased in India’s marine sector, leveraging private sector experience and resources to boost growth and efficiency. In FY23, 200 non-major ports handled 45% of port traffic. PPPs make up 31 of the 45 non-major port projects in the Sagarmala Programme, which will cost Rs. 45,973 crores. This public-private partnership improved industry innovation, operations, and competitiveness.
Future Prospects: Charting New Horizons
India will invest $82 billion in port projects by 2035, boosting its maritime economy. The National Perspective Plan for Sagarmala calls for six additional mega ports to boost maritime capabilities. The $96.48 million Kolkata Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port project revamps and mechanises berths for efficiency and competitiveness. Government builds solar and wind power installations at strategic ports in three phases for 60% renewable energy by 2030.
The remarkable 4.45 per cent growth in cargo volume witnessed by the 12 major ports of India during FY24 is a testament to the nation’s unwavering commitment to strengthening its maritime infrastructure, fostering innovation, and embracing sustainable practices. Strategy, technology, and relationships are propelling India’s naval sector to unparalleled expansion, strengthening its place as a worldwide maritime superpower.
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